diff --git a/Sprint-2/debug/address.js b/Sprint-2/debug/address.js
index 940a6af83..dce8a8d8c 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/debug/address.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/debug/address.js
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 // Predict and explain first...
 
 // This code should log out the houseNumber from the address object
-// but it isn't working...
-// Fix anything that isn't working
 
+// Create an object that holds address details
 const address = {
   houseNumber: 42,
   street: "Imaginary Road",
@@ -12,4 +11,5 @@ const address = {
   postcode: "XYZ 123",
 };
 
-console.log(`My house number is ${address[0]}`);
+// Access the houseNumber property using dot notation
+console.log(`My house number is ${address.houseNumber}`);
diff --git a/Sprint-2/debug/author.js b/Sprint-2/debug/author.js
index 8c2125977..63ad658c6 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/debug/author.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/debug/author.js
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // Predict and explain first...
 
 // This program attempts to log out all the property values in the object.
-// But it isn't working. Explain why first and then fix the problem
 
+// Create an object that holds author details
 const author = {
   firstName: "Zadie",
   lastName: "Smith",
@@ -11,6 +11,24 @@ const author = {
   alive: true,
 };
 
-for (const value of author) {
+// Use Object.values() to get an array of all values, then loop over them
+for (const value of Object.values(author)) {
   console.log(value);
 }
+
+/*
+## Explanation of the Fix
+
+- Object.values(author) is a built-in function that takes an object and returns an array containing only the values. In our case it returns: ["Zadie", "Smith", "writer", 40, true]
+- Since the result is now an array, for...of works correctly and goes through each value one by one.
+
+## How to Test in the Terminal
+node author.js
+
+Expected output:
+Zadie
+Smith
+writer
+40
+true
+*/
diff --git a/Sprint-2/debug/recipe.js b/Sprint-2/debug/recipe.js
index 6cbdd22cd..f6b6ba1de 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/debug/recipe.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/debug/recipe.js
@@ -2,14 +2,36 @@
 
 // This program should log out the title, how many it serves and the ingredients.
 // Each ingredient should be logged on a new line
-// How can you fix it?
 
+// Create an object that holds recipe details
 const recipe = {
   title: "bruschetta",
   serves: 2,
   ingredients: ["olive oil", "tomatoes", "salt", "pepper"],
 };
 
-console.log(`${recipe.title} serves ${recipe.serves}
-  ingredients:
-${recipe}`);
+// Log the title and how many it serves
+console.log(`${recipe.title} serves ${recipe.serves}`);
+
+// Log each ingredient on a new line using a loop
+for (const ingredient of recipe.ingredients) {
+  console.log(ingredient);
+}
+
+/*
+## Brief Explanation
+
+- recipe.ingredients is an array (a numbered list) containing four items.
+- for...of works on arrays, so it goes through each item one by one.
+- Each time through the loop, the variable ingredient holds the current item, and console.log prints it on its own line.
+
+## How to Test
+node recipe.js
+
+Expected output:
+bruschetta serves 2
+olive oil
+tomatoes
+salt
+pepper
+*/
diff --git a/Sprint-2/implement/contains.js b/Sprint-2/implement/contains.js
index cd779308a..8604982fb 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/implement/contains.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/implement/contains.js
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
-function contains() {}
+// Check if an object contains a specific property
+function contains(object, propertyName) {
+  // If the input is not a valid object or is an array, return false
+  if (typeof object !== "object" || object === null || Array.isArray(object)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Use hasOwnProperty to check if the key exists in the object
+  return object.hasOwnProperty(propertyName);
+}
 
 module.exports = contains;
diff --git a/Sprint-2/implement/lookup.js b/Sprint-2/implement/lookup.js
index a6746e07f..03068e00a 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/implement/lookup.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/implement/lookup.js
@@ -1,5 +1,16 @@
-function createLookup() {
-  // implementation here
+// Take an array of pairs and return a lookup object
+function createLookup(pairs) {
+  // Create an empty object to store the results
+  const lookup = {};
+
+  // Loop through each pair in the array
+  for (const pair of pairs) {
+    // pair[0] is the key (country code), pair[1] is the value (currency code)
+    lookup[pair[0]] = pair[1];
+  }
+
+  // Return the completed lookup object
+  return lookup;
 }
 
 module.exports = createLookup;
diff --git a/Sprint-2/implement/querystring.js b/Sprint-2/implement/querystring.js
index 45ec4e5f3..708700b5a 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/implement/querystring.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/implement/querystring.js
@@ -1,13 +1,30 @@
+// Parse a query string into an object of key-value pairs
 function parseQueryString(queryString) {
+  // Create an empty object to store the results
   const queryParams = {};
+
+  // If the input is empty, return the empty object
   if (queryString.length === 0) {
     return queryParams;
   }
+
+  // Split the string by "&" to get each key=value pair
   const keyValuePairs = queryString.split("&");
 
   for (const pair of keyValuePairs) {
-    const [key, value] = pair.split("=");
-    queryParams[key] = value;
+    // Find the position of the FIRST "=" only
+    const firstEqualIndex = pair.indexOf("=");
+
+    // If there is no "=", the whole pair is the key with an empty value
+    if (firstEqualIndex === -1) {
+      queryParams[pair] = "";
+    } else {
+      // Everything before the first "=" is the key
+      const key = pair.slice(0, firstEqualIndex);
+      // Everything after the first "=" is the value (may contain more "=" signs)
+      const value = pair.slice(firstEqualIndex + 1);
+      queryParams[key] = value;
+    }
   }
 
   return queryParams;
diff --git a/Sprint-2/implement/tally.js b/Sprint-2/implement/tally.js
index f47321812..de1643d2f 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/implement/tally.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/implement/tally.js
@@ -1,3 +1,22 @@
-function tally() {}
+// Count the frequency of each item in an array
+function tally(items) {
+  // If the input is not an array, throw an error
+  if (!Array.isArray(items)) {
+    throw new Error("Input must be an array");
+  }
+
+  // Create an empty object to store the counts
+  const counts = {};
+
+  // Loop through each item in the array
+  for (const item of items) {
+    // If this item already exists in counts, add 1 to it
+    // If it does not exist yet, start at 1
+    counts[item] = (counts[item] || 0) + 1;
+  }
+
+  // Return the object with all the counts
+  return counts;
+}
 
 module.exports = tally;
diff --git a/Sprint-2/interpret/invert.js b/Sprint-2/interpret/invert.js
index bb353fb1f..4060182cd 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/interpret/invert.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/interpret/invert.js
@@ -1,29 +1,45 @@
 // Let's define how invert should work
-
 // Given an object
 // When invert is passed this object
 // Then it should swap the keys and values in the object
 
-// E.g. invert({x : 10, y : 20}), target output: {"10": "x", "20": "y"}
+// E.g. invert({x: 10, y: 20}), target output: {"10": "x", "20": "y"}
+
+/*
+--- Answers to the Interpret Questions ---
+
+a) What is the return value of invert({a: 1}) in the old broken code?
+Answer: It returned { key: 1 } because dot notation (.key) creates a literal string key named "key".
+
+b) What is the return value of invert({a: 1, b: 2}) in the old broken code?
+Answer: It returned { key: 2 } because the literal property "key" is overwritten in the second loop iteration.
+
+c) What is the target return value of invert({a: 1, b: 2})?
+Answer: The target return value is { "1": "a", "2": "b" }.
+
+c-continued) What does Object.entries do? Why is it needed here?
+Answer: Object.entries(obj) converts the object into an array of key-value pairs, like [["a", 1], ["b", 2]]. It is needed because we cannot use a 'for...of' loop directly on a standard object.
+
+d) Why is the current return value different from the target?
+Answer: Because the old code used invertedObj.key (a hardcoded key name) instead of assigning the dynamic value as the new key.
 
+e) How can you fix it?
+Answer: By using bracket notation to set the 'value' as the new dynamic key, and assigning the 'key' as its value: invertedObj[value] = key;
+*/
+
+// Swap keys and values in an object
 function invert(obj) {
+  // Create an empty object to store the swapped pairs
   const invertedObj = {};
 
+  // Loop through each [key, value] pair in the original object
   for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(obj)) {
-    invertedObj.key = value;
+    // Use the VALUE as the new key, and the KEY as the new value
+    invertedObj[value] = key;
   }
 
+  // Return the inverted object
   return invertedObj;
 }
 
-// a) What is the current return value when invert is called with { a : 1 }
-
-// b) What is the current return value when invert is called with { a: 1, b: 2 }
-
-// c) What is the target return value when invert is called with {a : 1, b: 2}
-
-// c) What does Object.entries return? Why is it needed in this program?
-
-// d) Explain why the current return value is different from the target output
-
-// e) Fix the implementation of invert (and write tests to prove it's fixed!)
+module.exports = invert;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Sprint-2/stretch/count-words.js b/Sprint-2/stretch/count-words.js
index 8e85d19d7..fbca01e77 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/stretch/count-words.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/stretch/count-words.js
@@ -4,25 +4,85 @@
   Write a function called countWords that
     - takes a string as an argument
     - returns an object where
-          - the keys are the words from the string and
-          - the values are the number of times the word appears in the string
+        - the keys are the words from the string and
+        - the values are the number of times the word appears in the string
 
   Example
   If we call countWords like this:
 
   countWords("you and me and you") then the target output is { you: 2, and: 2, me: 1 }
 
-  To complete this exercise you should understand
-    - Strings and string manipulation
-    - Loops
-    - Comparison inside if statements
-    - Setting values on an object
+  ## Advanced challenges
 
-## Advanced challenges
+  1. Remove all of the punctuation (e.g. ".", ",", "!", "?") to tidy up the results
+  2. Ignore the case of the words to find more unique words. e.g. (A === a, Hello === hello)
+  3. Order the results to find out which word is the most common in the input
+*/
+
+// Count how many times each word appears in a string
+function countWords(str) {
+  // If the string is empty, return an empty object
+  if (str.trim().length === 0) {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  // Advanced challenge 1: Remove punctuation marks from the string
+  const cleaned = str.replace(/[.,!?;:'"()]/g, "");
+
+  // Advanced challenge 2: Convert the whole string to lowercase so "Hello" and "hello" count as the same word
+  const lowered = cleaned.toLowerCase();
+
+  // Split the string into an array of individual words (split by spaces)
+  const words = lowered.split(" ");
+
+  // Create an empty object to store the word counts
+  const counts = {};
+
+  // Loop through each word in the array
+  for (const word of words) {
+    // Skip empty strings that may result from extra spaces
+    if (word === "") {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // If the word already exists in counts, add 1; otherwise start at 1
+    counts[word] = (counts[word] || 0) + 1;
+  }
+
+  // Advanced challenge 3: Sort words by count (most common first)
+  const sorted = Object.entries(counts).sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]);
+
+  // Convert the sorted array back into an object
+  const sortedCounts = {};
+  for (const [word, count] of sorted) {
+    sortedCounts[word] = count;
+  }
+
+  return sortedCounts;
+}
+
+// Test the function
+console.log(countWords("you and me and you"));
+console.log(countWords("Hello hello world! World."));
+console.log(countWords("the cat sat on the mat, the cat sat"));
+
+/*
+## Brief Explanation
+
+- `str.replace(/[.,!?;:'"()]/g, "")` removes all punctuation. The `/g` flag means "find all matches, not just the first one".
+- `.toLowerCase()` converts everything to lowercase so "Hello" and "hello" are treated as the same word.
+- `.split(" ")` breaks the string into an array at every space.
+- The `for` loop counts each word using the same pattern as the `tally` function you already completed.
+- `Object.entries(counts).sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1])` sorts the entries by count from highest to lowest.
+
+## How to Test
+
+node count-words.js
 
-1. Remove all of the punctuation (e.g. ".", ",", "!", "?") to tidy up the results
 
-2. Ignore the case of the words to find more unique words. e.g. (A === a, Hello === hello)
+Expected output:
 
-3. Order the results to find out which word is the most common in the input
+{ you: 2, and: 2, me: 1 }
+{ hello: 2, world: 2 }
+{ the: 3, cat: 2, sat: 2, on: 1, mat: 1 }
 */
diff --git a/Sprint-2/stretch/mode.js b/Sprint-2/stretch/mode.js
index 3f7609d79..559190771 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/stretch/mode.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/stretch/mode.js
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-// You are given an implementation of calculateMode
-
 // calculateMode's implementation can be broken down into two stages:
 
 // Stage 1. One part of the code tracks the frequency of each value
@@ -8,29 +6,71 @@
 // refactor calculateMode by splitting up the code
 // into smaller functions using the stages above
 
-function calculateMode(list) {
-  // track frequency of each value
+// Stage 1: Count how many times each number appears in the array
+function countFrequencies(list) {
+  // Create a new Map to store each number and its count
   let freqs = new Map();
 
   for (let num of list) {
+    // Skip any value that is not a number
     if (typeof num !== "number") {
       continue;
     }
 
+    // If the number exists in the map, add 1; otherwise start at 1
     freqs.set(num, (freqs.get(num) || 0) + 1);
   }
 
-  // Find the value with the highest frequency
+  // Return the Map of frequencies
+  return freqs;
+}
+
+// Stage 2: Find the number with the highest frequency
+function findHighestFrequency(freqs) {
   let maxFreq = 0;
   let mode;
+
+  // Loop through each [number, frequency] pair in the Map
   for (let [num, freq] of freqs) {
+    // If this frequency is higher than the current max, update
     if (freq > maxFreq) {
       mode = num;
       maxFreq = freq;
     }
   }
 
+  // If no numbers were found, return NaN; otherwise return the mode
   return maxFreq === 0 ? NaN : mode;
 }
 
+// Main function: combine both stages
+function calculateMode(list) {
+  // Stage 1: count frequencies
+  const freqs = countFrequencies(list);
+
+  // Stage 2: find the value with the highest frequency
+  return findHighestFrequency(freqs);
+}
+
 module.exports = calculateMode;
+
+/*
+## Brief Explanation
+
+- countFrequencies takes the array and returns a Map. A Map is like an object but it can use any type as a key (including numbers). freqs.set(num, value) sets a value, and freqs.get(num) reads it.
+- findHighestFrequency loops through the Map and finds the number that appears the most. If two numbers have the same count, the one that appears first wins (because > does not include equal).
+- calculateMode simply calls both functions in order — this is what "refactoring" means: splitting one big function into smaller, clearer pieces.
+
+## How to Test
+
+npx jest stretch/mode.test.js
+
+
+Expected output:
+
+PASS  ./mode.test.js
+  calculateMode()
+    ✓ returns the most frequent number in an array
+    ✓ returns the first mode in case of multiple modes
+    ✓ ignores non-number values
+*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Sprint-2/stretch/till.js b/Sprint-2/stretch/till.js
index 6a08532e7..345471fb2 100644
--- a/Sprint-2/stretch/till.js
+++ b/Sprint-2/stretch/till.js
@@ -4,13 +4,22 @@
 // When this till object is passed to totalTill
 // Then it should return the total amount in pounds
 
+// Calculate the total value of all coins in the till
 function totalTill(till) {
+  // Start with a total of 0 pence
   let total = 0;
 
+  // Loop through each [coin, quantity] pair in the till object
   for (const [coin, quantity] of Object.entries(till)) {
-    total += coin * quantity;
+    // Use parseInt to extract the number from strings like "50p"
+    // parseInt("50p") returns 50, parseInt("1p") returns 1
+    const coinValue = parseInt(coin);
+
+    // Multiply the coin value in pence by the quantity of that coin
+    total += coinValue * quantity;
   }
 
+  // Divide by 100 to convert pence to pounds and add the pound symbol
   return `£${total / 100}`;
 }
 
@@ -20,12 +29,39 @@ const till = {
   "50p": 4,
   "20p": 10,
 };
+
 const totalAmount = totalTill(till);
+console.log(totalAmount);
 
-// a) What is the target output when totalTill is called with the till object
+// a) What is the target output when totalTill is called with the till object?
+// Answer: "£4.4"
+// Because: (1 * 10) + (5 * 6) + (50 * 4) + (20 * 10) = 10 + 30 + 200 + 200 = 440 pence
+// 440 / 100 = 4.4 pounds
 
 // b) Why do we need to use Object.entries inside the for...of loop in this function?
+// Answer: Because for...of cannot loop over a plain object directly.
+// Object.entries(till) converts the object into an array of [key, value] pairs
+// like [["1p", 10], ["5p", 6], ["50p", 4], ["20p", 10]]
+// This allows for...of to loop through each pair and destructure it into [coin, quantity].
 
 // c) What does coin * quantity evaluate to inside the for...of loop?
+// Answer: In the ORIGINAL buggy code, coin * quantity gives NaN every time.
+// Because coin is a string like "1p", and "1p" * 10 is NaN.
+// JavaScript cannot multiply a string containing letters by a number.
+// The fix is to use parseInt(coin) which extracts just the number part.
+// For example: parseInt("50p") gives 50, so 50 * 4 gives 200.
 
 // d) Write a test for this function to check it works and then fix the implementation of totalTill
+// Answer: The fix is on line 17 above: using parseInt(coin) instead of coin directly.
+// See till.test.js for the test file.
+
+/*
+## How to Test
+
+node stretch/till.js
+
+
+Expected output:
+
+£4.4
+*/