From 8d4ecdcc7e8de0a086cf13ffe7d9386a9fe63847 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ryuukumar <adityakumar4644@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 19:53:48 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] Move stdlib code into kclib

---
 kernel/include/{ => kclib}/memory.h | 0
 kernel/include/{ => kclib}/stdio.h  | 0
 kernel/include/{ => kclib}/string.h | 0
 kernel/src/{ => kclib}/memory.c     | 0
 kernel/src/{ => kclib}/stdio.c      | 0
 kernel/src/{ => kclib}/string.c     | 0
 6 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 rename kernel/include/{ => kclib}/memory.h (100%)
 rename kernel/include/{ => kclib}/stdio.h (100%)
 rename kernel/include/{ => kclib}/string.h (100%)
 rename kernel/src/{ => kclib}/memory.c (100%)
 rename kernel/src/{ => kclib}/stdio.c (100%)
 rename kernel/src/{ => kclib}/string.c (100%)

diff --git a/kernel/include/memory.h b/kernel/include/kclib/memory.h
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/include/memory.h
rename to kernel/include/kclib/memory.h
diff --git a/kernel/include/stdio.h b/kernel/include/kclib/stdio.h
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/include/stdio.h
rename to kernel/include/kclib/stdio.h
diff --git a/kernel/include/string.h b/kernel/include/kclib/string.h
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/include/string.h
rename to kernel/include/kclib/string.h
diff --git a/kernel/src/memory.c b/kernel/src/kclib/memory.c
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/src/memory.c
rename to kernel/src/kclib/memory.c
diff --git a/kernel/src/stdio.c b/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/src/stdio.c
rename to kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c
diff --git a/kernel/src/string.c b/kernel/src/kclib/string.c
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/src/string.c
rename to kernel/src/kclib/string.c

From 5b96611b3676bfa34280740afe6af058b44a14af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ryuukumar <adityakumar4644@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 20:01:20 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] Update all includes

---
 kernel/include/kernel/idt.h    | 2 --
 kernel/src/kclib/memory.c      | 2 +-
 kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c       | 4 ++--
 kernel/src/kclib/string.c      | 2 +-
 kernel/src/kernel/console.c    | 5 ++---
 kernel/src/kernel/elf.c        | 7 +++----
 kernel/src/kernel/entry.c      | 4 ++--
 kernel/src/kernel/fs/chardev.c | 4 ++--
 kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c    | 6 ++++--
 kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c   | 4 ++--
 kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c     | 6 ++----
 kernel/src/kernel/gdt.c        | 4 ++--
 kernel/src/kernel/idt.c        | 6 +++---
 kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c     | 5 +++--
 kernel/src/kernel/process.c    | 2 +-
 kernel/src/kernel/syscall.c    | 2 +-
 16 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/include/kernel/idt.h b/kernel/include/kernel/idt.h
index e9b3110..3b9b7b0 100644
--- a/kernel/include/kernel/idt.h
+++ b/kernel/include/kernel/idt.h
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
 #ifndef IDT_H
 #define IDT_H
 
-#include <kernel/serial.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
 typedef struct __attribute__ ((packed)) {
 	uint16_t size;
diff --git a/kernel/src/kclib/memory.c b/kernel/src/kclib/memory.c
index 5fdf2ca..9f59318 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kclib/memory.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kclib/memory.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-#include <memory.h>
+#include <kclib/memory.h>
 
 /*!
 Copy memory chunk of size n.
diff --git a/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c b/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c
index ab44f58..7dc8989 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+#include <kclib/stdio.h>
+#include <kclib/string.h>
 #include <kernel/console.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
 /*!
 Handle the different cases of %-- in printf
diff --git a/kernel/src/kclib/string.c b/kernel/src/kclib/string.c
index d6f80d5..1220420 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kclib/string.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kclib/string.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+#include <kclib/string.h>
 #include <liballoc/liballoc.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
 /*!
 Get the length of a standard string (terminating with 0).
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/console.c b/kernel/src/kernel/console.c
index 90deafd..cf555fd 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/console.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/console.c
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
+#include <kclib/memory.h>
+#include <kclib/string.h>
 #include <kernel/console.h>
 #include <kernel/graphics.h>
 #include <kernel/hardfonts/classic.h>
 #include <kernel/serial.h>
-#include <memory.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
 #define CONSOLE_HEIGHT 80
 #define CONSOLE_WIDTH  140
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/elf.c b/kernel/src/kernel/elf.c
index f5023cd..a89e2c3 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/elf.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/elf.c
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
+#include <kclib/memory.h>
+#include <kclib/stdio.h>
+#include <kclib/string.h>
 #include <kernel/elf.h>
 #include <kernel/error.h>
 #include <kernel/fs/vfs.h>
 #include <kernel/memmgt.h>
 #include <kernel/syscall.h>
 #include <liballoc/liballoc.h>
-#include <memory.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
 bool verify_elf_loadable (elf64_header_t* elf) {
 	if (!elf) return false;
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/entry.c b/kernel/src/kernel/entry.c
index 1590670..02eba94 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/entry.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/entry.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#include <kclib/memory.h>
+#include <kclib/stdio.h>
 #include <kernel/console.h>
 #include <kernel/elf.h>
 #include <kernel/fs/chardev.h>
@@ -17,10 +19,8 @@
 #include <kernel/stack.h>
 #include <kernel/syscall.h>
 #include <liballoc/liballoc.h>
-#include <memory.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 
 #define FONT_SIZE 2
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/chardev.c b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/chardev.c
index 2a96bf9..06754b6 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/chardev.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/chardev.c
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+#include <kclib/memory.h>
+#include <kclib/stdio.h>
 #include <kernel/console.h>
 #include <kernel/error.h>
 #include <kernel/fs/chardev.h>
 #include <liballoc/liballoc.h>
-#include <memory.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 
 static int stdout_write (inode* node, file* f, void* buf, size_t len) {
 	(void)node, (void)f; // args not used
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c
index ef5ee12..83d7bc8 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+#include <kclib/memory.h>
+#include <kclib/stdio.h>
+#include <kclib/string.h>
 #include <kernel/error.h>
 #include <kernel/fs/cpio.h>
 #include <kernel/process.h>
+#include <kernel/serial.h>
 #include <kernel/syscall.h>
 #include <liballoc/liballoc.h>
-#include <memory.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 
 #define C_ISDIR 0040000
 #define C_ISREG 0100000
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c
index b1c3c2a..0aa9cfb 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+#include <kclib/memory.h>
+#include <kclib/string.h>
 #include <kernel/error.h>
 #include <kernel/fs/ramfs.h>
 #include <liballoc/liballoc.h>
-#include <memory.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
 static inode* root_inode;
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c
index 5319978..ab8dd2a 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
+#include <kclib/memory.h>
+#include <kclib/string.h>
 #include <kernel/error.h>
 #include <kernel/fs/vfs.h>
 #include <kernel/process.h>
 #include <kernel/serial.h>
 #include <kernel/syscall.h>
 #include <liballoc/liballoc.h>
-#include <memory.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
 inode* vfs_absolute_root = nullptr;
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/gdt.c b/kernel/src/kernel/gdt.c
index 04b7038..f2e2384 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/gdt.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/gdt.c
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+#include <kclib/memory.h>
+#include <kclib/string.h>
 #include <kernel/gdt.h>
 #include <kernel/stack.h>
-#include <memory.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
 gdt_t gdt = {
 	{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},				  // null
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/idt.c b/kernel/src/kernel/idt.c
index 65ef74e..1dabd3e 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/idt.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/idt.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
+#include <kclib/string.h>
 #include <kernel/idt.h>
-
-#include <stdio.h>
+#include <kernel/serial.h>
 
 __attribute__ ((aligned (0x10))) static idt_entry_t idt[256];
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ registers_t* kernel_dispatch_interrupt (registers_t* registers) {
 	if (handler)
 		return handler (registers);
 	else {
-		printf ("Unhandled interrupt! Hasta la vista");
+		write_serial_str ("Unhandled interrupt! Hasta la vista");
 		log_registers_to_serial (registers);
 		while (1)
 			;
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c b/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c
index 4cb4587..f6a54db 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+#include <kclib/memory.h>
+#include <kclib/stdio.h>
+#include <kclib/string.h>
 #include <kernel/error.h>
 #include <kernel/idt.h>
 #include <kernel/limine.h>
@@ -5,8 +8,6 @@
 #include <kernel/process.h>
 #include <kernel/serial.h>
 #include <kernel/syscall.h>
-#include <memory.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 
 #define ALIGNUP(x, o) ((x + o - 1) & ~(o - 1))
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/process.c b/kernel/src/kernel/process.c
index a649ee5..81d36a5 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/process.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/process.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <kclib/memory.h>
 #include <kernel/error.h>
 #include <kernel/gdt.h>
 #include <kernel/memmgt.h>
@@ -5,7 +6,6 @@
 #include <kernel/stack.h>
 #include <kernel/syscall.h>
 #include <liballoc/liballoc.h>
-#include <memory.h>
 
 process_queue ready_queue;
 uint64_t	  next_free_pid;
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/syscall.c b/kernel/src/kernel/syscall.c
index c3c4468..77d1adf 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/syscall.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/syscall.c
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+#include <kclib/memory.h>
 #include <kernel/error.h>
 #include <kernel/process.h>
 #include <kernel/serial.h>
 #include <kernel/syscall.h>
-#include <memory.h>
 
 syscall_handler_t syscall_handlers[SYSCALL_COUNT];
 registers_t*	  latest_frame;

From ff3dc3df68fe8cb9c04a112fcff701ae153bc39d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ryuukumar <adityakumar4644@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 20:03:07 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] Add k prefix to all memory.h functions

---
 kernel/include/kclib/memory.h  |  8 ++++----
 kernel/src/kclib/memory.c      |  8 ++++----
 kernel/src/kernel/elf.c        |  2 +-
 kernel/src/kernel/entry.c      |  6 +++---
 kernel/src/kernel/fs/chardev.c | 10 +++++-----
 kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c    |  6 +++---
 kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c   | 22 +++++++++++-----------
 kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c     |  4 ++--
 kernel/src/kernel/gdt.c        |  2 +-
 kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c     | 22 +++++++++++-----------
 kernel/src/kernel/process.c    |  6 +++---
 kernel/src/kernel/syscall.c    |  2 +-
 12 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/include/kclib/memory.h b/kernel/include/kclib/memory.h
index 47c5b1c..10289c2 100644
--- a/kernel/include/kclib/memory.h
+++ b/kernel/include/kclib/memory.h
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-void* memcpy (void*, const void*, size_t);
-void* memset (void*, int, size_t);
-void* memmove (void*, const void*, size_t);
-int	  memcmp (const void*, const void*, size_t);
+void* kmemcpy (void*, const void*, size_t);
+void* kmemset (void*, int, size_t);
+void* kmemmove (void*, const void*, size_t);
+int	  kmemcmp (const void*, const void*, size_t);
 
 #endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/src/kclib/memory.c b/kernel/src/kclib/memory.c
index 9f59318..68d3f41 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kclib/memory.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kclib/memory.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Copy memory chunk of size n.
 @param  src source
 @param  n width of data
 */
-void* memcpy (void* dest, const void* src, size_t n) {
+void* kmemcpy (void* dest, const void* src, size_t n) {
 	uint8_t*	   pdest = (uint8_t*)dest;
 	const uint8_t* psrc = (const uint8_t*)src;
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Set memory chunk of size n to be value c.
 @param  c value to set memory to
 @param  n size of memory chunk
 */
-void* memset (void* s, int c, size_t n) {
+void* kmemset (void* s, int c, size_t n) {
 	uint8_t* p = (uint8_t*)s;
 
 	for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Move memory chunk.
 @param  src source
 @param  n width of data
 */
-void* memmove (void* dest, const void* src, size_t n) {
+void* kmemmove (void* dest, const void* src, size_t n) {
 	uint8_t*	   pdest = (uint8_t*)dest;
 	const uint8_t* psrc = (const uint8_t*)src;
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Compare memory chunks.
 @param  n size of both chunks
 @return -1 if less, 0 if equal and 1 if greater
 */
-int memcmp (const void* s1, const void* s2, size_t n) {
+int kmemcmp (const void* s1, const void* s2, size_t n) {
 	const uint8_t* p1 = (const uint8_t*)s1;
 	const uint8_t* p2 = (const uint8_t*)s2;
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/elf.c b/kernel/src/kernel/elf.c
index a89e2c3..955ba9c 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/elf.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/elf.c
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ int load_elf (const char* filepath, process* target_process, uintptr_t* entry_po
 		do_syscall (SYSCALL_SYS_READ, fd, ph->p_vaddr, ph->p_filesz);
 
 		if (ph->p_memsz > ph->p_filesz)
-			memset ((void*)(ph->p_vaddr + ph->p_filesz), 0, ph->p_memsz - ph->p_filesz);
+			kmemset ((void*)(ph->p_vaddr + ph->p_filesz), 0, ph->p_memsz - ph->p_filesz);
 	}
 
 	init_break = ((init_break + PAGE_SIZE - 1) & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1));
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/entry.c b/kernel/src/kernel/entry.c
index 02eba94..e38bca1 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/entry.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/entry.c
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ void _start (void) {
 
 	// Launch Stage 2 as the first process (PID 1)
 	process* stage2_proc = kmalloc (sizeof (process));
-	memset (stage2_proc, 0, sizeof (process));
+	kmemset (stage2_proc, 0, sizeof (process));
 	stage2_proc->p_id = 1;
 	stage2_proc->p_cr3 = read_cr3 ();
 	stage2_proc->p_user = false;
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ void _start (void) {
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		stage2_proc->p_fds[i] = kmalloc (sizeof (struct file));
-		memset (stage2_proc->p_fds[i], 0, sizeof (struct file));
+		kmemset (stage2_proc->p_fds[i], 0, sizeof (struct file));
 	}
 
 	register_stdin (stage2_proc->p_fds[0]);
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ void _start (void) {
 	stage2_proc->p_kstack = (uintptr_t)kstack + STACK_SIZE;
 
 	registers_t* regs = (registers_t*)(stage2_proc->p_kstack - sizeof (registers_t));
-	memset (regs, 0, sizeof (registers_t));
+	kmemset (regs, 0, sizeof (registers_t));
 	regs->rip = (uintptr_t)_start_stage2;
 	regs->cs = 0x28; // Kernel code segment
 	regs->ss = 0x30; // Kernel data segment
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/chardev.c b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/chardev.c
index 06754b6..984b205 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/chardev.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/chardev.c
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ int register_stdin (struct file* f) {
 	inode* new_inode = kmalloc (sizeof (inode));
 	if (!new_inode) return -ENOMEM;
 
-	memset (new_inode, 0, sizeof (inode));
+	kmemset (new_inode, 0, sizeof (inode));
 
 	new_inode->i_cnt = 1;
 	new_inode->i_type = CHAR_DEV;
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ int register_stdout (struct file* f) {
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
-	memset (new_inode, 0, sizeof (inode));
-	memset (stdout_fops, 0, sizeof (file_operations));
+	kmemset (new_inode, 0, sizeof (inode));
+	kmemset (stdout_fops, 0, sizeof (file_operations));
 
 	stdout_fops->write = stdout_write;
 
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ int register_stderr (struct file* f) {
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
-	memset (new_inode, 0, sizeof (inode));
-	memset (stdout_fops, 0, sizeof (file_operations));
+	kmemset (new_inode, 0, sizeof (inode));
+	kmemset (stdout_fops, 0, sizeof (file_operations));
 
 	stdout_fops->write = stderr_write;
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c
index 83d7bc8..50a1545 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ static uint64_t hex_to_u64 (const char hex[8]) [[unsequenced]] {
 
 static void* jump_next_file (void* pos) {
 	cpio_newc_header_t* header = pos;
-	if (memcmp (header->c_magic, "070701", 6) != 0) {
+	if (kmemcmp (header->c_magic, "070701", 6) != 0) {
 		write_serial_str (
 			"Caller provided a pointer to cpio header, but it did not have the magic number!\n");
 		return nullptr;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static void* jump_next_file (void* pos) {
 	uint64_t filesize = hex_to_u64 (header->c_filesize);
 
 	pos += sizeof (cpio_newc_header_t);
-	if (memcmp (pos, "TRAILER!!!", 11) == 0) return nullptr;
+	if (kmemcmp (pos, "TRAILER!!!", 11) == 0) return nullptr;
 
 	pos += namesize;
 	if ((uint64_t)pos % 4) pos += 4 - ((uint64_t)pos % 4);
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ static int parse_entry_to_inode (cpio_newc_header_t* header, const char* out_pat
 	if (namesize == 0) return -EINVARG;
 
 	char* filename = kmalloc (namesize + 1);
-	memcpy ((void*)(filename + 1), (void*)(header + 1), namesize);
+	kmemcpy ((void*)(filename + 1), (void*)(header + 1), namesize);
 	filename[namesize] = 0; // enforce string in case corrupt
 	filename[0] = '/';		// many syscalls require absolute paths, which cpio does not guarantee
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c
index 0aa9cfb..35abc6b 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ static file_operations	f_ops = {
 int mkdir (char* dirname, inode** result, inode* root) {
 	// requires: guarantee that vfs input is valid
 	inode* new_dir = kmalloc (sizeof (inode));
-	memset ((void*)new_dir, 0, sizeof (inode));
+	kmemset ((void*)new_dir, 0, sizeof (inode));
 
 	new_dir->i_type = DIRECTORY;
 	new_dir->i_pvt = kmalloc (sizeof (dir_content_t));
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ int mkdir (char* dirname, inode** result, inode* root) {
 	dir_content_t* parent_pvt = (dir_content_t*)root->i_pvt;
 	child_t*	   new_parent_children = kmalloc ((parent_pvt->d_count + 1) * sizeof (child_t));
 
-	memcpy (new_parent_children, parent_pvt->d_children, parent_pvt->d_count * sizeof (child_t));
+	kmemcpy (new_parent_children, parent_pvt->d_children, parent_pvt->d_count * sizeof (child_t));
 	new_parent_children[parent_pvt->d_count].c_inode = new_dir;
 	new_parent_children[parent_pvt->d_count].c_name = strdup (dirname);
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ int mkdir (char* dirname, inode** result, inode* root) {
 
 int create (char* filename, inode** result, inode* root) {
 	inode* new_file = kmalloc (sizeof (inode));
-	memset ((void*)new_file, 0, sizeof (inode));
+	kmemset ((void*)new_file, 0, sizeof (inode));
 
 	new_file->i_type = EFILE;
 	new_file->i_iops = &i_ops;
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ int create (char* filename, inode** result, inode* root) {
 	dir_content_t* parent_pvt = (dir_content_t*)root->i_pvt;
 	child_t*	   new_parent_children = kmalloc ((parent_pvt->d_count + 1) * sizeof (child_t));
 
-	memcpy (new_parent_children, parent_pvt->d_children, parent_pvt->d_count * sizeof (child_t));
+	kmemcpy (new_parent_children, parent_pvt->d_children, parent_pvt->d_count * sizeof (child_t));
 	new_parent_children[parent_pvt->d_count].c_inode = new_file;
 	new_parent_children[parent_pvt->d_count].c_name = strdup (filename);
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ int read (inode* node, file* f, void* buffer, size_t size) {
 	if (f->f_pos >= node->i_sz) return 0; // EOF
 
 	if (f->f_pos + size > node->i_sz) size = node->i_sz - f->f_pos;
-	memcpy (buffer, (uint8_t*)node->i_pvt + f->f_pos, size);
+	kmemcpy (buffer, (uint8_t*)node->i_pvt + f->f_pos, size);
 	f->f_pos += size;
 
 	return (int)size;
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ int write (inode* node, file* f, void* buffer, size_t size) {
 	if (!node->i_fsinfo) {
 		node->i_fsinfo = kmalloc (sizeof (fs_info_t));
 		if (!node->i_fsinfo) return -ENOMEM;
-		memset (node->i_fsinfo, 0, sizeof (fs_info_t));
+		kmemset (node->i_fsinfo, 0, sizeof (fs_info_t));
 	}
 
 	fs_info_t* fs_info = (fs_info_t*)node->i_fsinfo;
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ int write (inode* node, file* f, void* buffer, size_t size) {
 	if (pos_after_write > fs_info->alloc) {
 		size_t new_alloc = ((pos_after_write + BUF_ALIGN - 1) / BUF_ALIGN) * BUF_ALIGN;
 		void*  new_data = kmalloc (new_alloc);
-		memset (new_data, 0, new_alloc);
+		kmemset (new_data, 0, new_alloc);
 
 		if (node->i_pvt) {
-			memcpy (new_data, node->i_pvt, node->i_sz);
+			kmemcpy (new_data, node->i_pvt, node->i_sz);
 			kfree (node->i_pvt);
 		}
 
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ int write (inode* node, file* f, void* buffer, size_t size) {
 		fs_info->alloc = new_alloc;
 	}
 
-	if (f->f_pos > og_eof) memset ((uint8_t*)node->i_pvt + og_eof, 0, f->f_pos - og_eof);
+	if (f->f_pos > og_eof) kmemset ((uint8_t*)node->i_pvt + og_eof, 0, f->f_pos - og_eof);
 
-	memcpy ((uint8_t*)node->i_pvt + f->f_pos, buffer, size);
+	kmemcpy ((uint8_t*)node->i_pvt + f->f_pos, buffer, size);
 
 	f->f_pos += size;
 	if (f->f_pos > node->i_sz) node->i_sz = f->f_pos;
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ int seek (inode* node, file* f, size_t offset, int whence) {
 
 inode* init_ramfs_root (void) {
 	root_inode = kmalloc (sizeof (inode));
-	memset ((void*)root_inode, 0, sizeof (inode));
+	kmemset ((void*)root_inode, 0, sizeof (inode));
 	root_inode->i_type = DIRECTORY;
 	root_inode->i_pvt = kmalloc (sizeof (dir_content_t));
 	root_inode->i_iops = &i_ops;
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c
index ab8dd2a..03b698b 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ int do_lookup (char* filename, inode** result, inode* root) {
 
 	// get the target_name
 	char* target_name = (char*)kmalloc ((size_t)(next_slash - filename));
-	memcpy ((void*)target_name, (void*)(filename + 1), (size_t)(next_slash - filename) - 1);
+	kmemcpy ((void*)target_name, (void*)(filename + 1), (size_t)(next_slash - filename) - 1);
 	target_name[(size_t)(next_slash - filename) - 1] = 0;
 
 	if (strcmp (target_name, ".") == 0) {
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ int do_lookup (char* filename, inode** result, inode* root) {
 int do_open (inode* filei, struct file* dest_fd) {
 	if (!filei) return -EINVARG;
 	if (filei->i_type == DIRECTORY) return -EINVARG;
-	memset (dest_fd, 0, sizeof (struct file));
+	kmemset (dest_fd, 0, sizeof (struct file));
 
 	filei->i_cnt++;
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/gdt.c b/kernel/src/kernel/gdt.c
index f2e2384..3d785a1 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/gdt.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/gdt.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ void init_gdt (void) {
 }
 
 void init_tss (void) {
-	memset (&tss, 0, sizeof (tss));
+	kmemset (&tss, 0, sizeof (tss));
 
 	tss.rsp[0] = (uintptr_t)stack;
 	tss.ist[1] = 0;
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c b/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c
index f6a54db..f7b4c5e 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ static void init_physical_bitmap (struct limine_memmap_response* memmap_response
 	bitmap.pages_maxlen = total_pages;
 	bitmap.pages_used = total_pages;
 
-	memset (bitmap.map, 0xFF, bitmap_size);
+	kmemset (bitmap.map, 0xFF, bitmap_size);
 
 	uint64_t bitmap_fst_page = (uint64_t)bitmap_phys_addr / PAGE_SIZE;
 	uint64_t bitmap_lst_page = bitmap_fst_page + ((bitmap_size + PAGE_SIZE - 1) / PAGE_SIZE);
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ void alloc_all_vpages_in_range (vaddr_t first, vaddr_t last, paddr_t base_addr)
 			pml4t_entry->read_write = 1;
 			pml4t_entry->user_supervisor = is_vaddr_t_user (&current);
 			pml4t_entry->pdpt_base_address = (uint64_t)new_table / PAGE_SIZE;
-			memset (get_vaddr_from_frame ((uint64_t)new_table / PAGE_SIZE), 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+			kmemset (get_vaddr_from_frame ((uint64_t)new_table / PAGE_SIZE), 0, PAGE_SIZE);
 		}
 
 		pdpt_entry_t* pdpt_base =
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ void alloc_all_vpages_in_range (vaddr_t first, vaddr_t last, paddr_t base_addr)
 			pdpt_entry->read_write = 1;
 			pdpt_entry->user_supervisor = is_vaddr_t_user (&current);
 			pdpt_entry->pd_base_address = (uint64_t)new_table / PAGE_SIZE;
-			memset (get_vaddr_from_frame ((uint64_t)new_table / PAGE_SIZE), 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+			kmemset (get_vaddr_from_frame ((uint64_t)new_table / PAGE_SIZE), 0, PAGE_SIZE);
 		}
 
 		pd_entry_t* pd_base = (pd_entry_t*)get_vaddr_from_frame (pdpt_entry->pd_base_address);
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ void alloc_all_vpages_in_range (vaddr_t first, vaddr_t last, paddr_t base_addr)
 			pd_entry->rw = 1;
 			pd_entry->us = is_vaddr_t_user (&current);
 			pd_entry->pt_base_address = (uint64_t)new_table / PAGE_SIZE;
-			memset (get_vaddr_from_frame ((uint64_t)new_table / PAGE_SIZE), 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+			kmemset (get_vaddr_from_frame ((uint64_t)new_table / PAGE_SIZE), 0, PAGE_SIZE);
 		}
 
 		pt_entry_t* pt_base = (pt_entry_t*)get_vaddr_from_frame (pd_entry->pt_base_address);
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ void init_memmgt (uint64_t p_hhdm_offset, struct limine_memmap_response* memmap_
 	init_physical_bitmap (memmap_response);
 
 	paddr_t user_pdpt_frame = alloc_ppage ();
-	memset (get_vaddr_from_frame ((uint64_t)user_pdpt_frame / PAGE_SIZE), 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+	kmemset (get_vaddr_from_frame ((uint64_t)user_pdpt_frame / PAGE_SIZE), 0, PAGE_SIZE);
 
 	pml4_base_ptr[USER_PML4_IDX].present = 1;
 	pml4_base_ptr[USER_PML4_IDX].read_write = 1;
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ void init_memmgt (uint64_t p_hhdm_offset, struct limine_memmap_response* memmap_
 	pml4_base_ptr[USER_PML4_IDX].pdpt_base_address = ((uint64_t)user_pdpt_frame) / PAGE_SIZE;
 
 	paddr_t krnl_pdpt_frame = alloc_ppage ();
-	memset (get_vaddr_from_frame ((uint64_t)krnl_pdpt_frame / PAGE_SIZE), 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+	kmemset (get_vaddr_from_frame ((uint64_t)krnl_pdpt_frame / PAGE_SIZE), 0, PAGE_SIZE);
 
 	pml4_base_ptr[KRNL_PML4_IDX].present = 1;
 	pml4_base_ptr[KRNL_PML4_IDX].read_write = 1;
@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ static paddr_t clone_pframes (paddr_t p_src, uint64_t page_count) {
 
 	void* v_dest = (void*)((uint64_t)p_dest + hhdm_offset);
 	void* v_src = (void*)((uint64_t)p_src + hhdm_offset);
-	memcpy (v_dest, v_src, page_count * PAGE_SIZE);
+	kmemcpy (v_dest, v_src, page_count * PAGE_SIZE);
 	return p_dest;
 }
 
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ int clone_user_memory (uint64_t cr3_src, uint64_t* cr3_dest) {
 	if (!dest_pml4_phys) return -ENOMEM;
 
 	pml4t_entry_t* dest_pml4_table = (pml4t_entry_t*)((uint64_t)dest_pml4_phys + hhdm_offset);
-	memset (dest_pml4_table, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+	kmemset (dest_pml4_table, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
 
 	// map the higher half to be exactly the same as kernel's
 	pml4t_entry_t* krnl_pml4_table = (pml4t_entry_t*)((uint64_t)get_kernel_cr3 () + hhdm_offset);
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ int clone_user_memory (uint64_t cr3_src, uint64_t* cr3_dest) {
 		paddr_t dest_pdpt_phys = alloc_ppage ();
 		if (!dest_pdpt_phys) return -ENOMEM;
 		pdpt_entry_t* dest_pdpt = (pdpt_entry_t*)((uint64_t)dest_pdpt_phys + hhdm_offset);
-		memset (dest_pdpt, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+		kmemset (dest_pdpt, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
 
 		dest_pml4_table[pml4_index] = *src_pml4_entry;
 		dest_pml4_table[pml4_index].pdpt_base_address = (uint64_t)dest_pdpt_phys / PAGE_SIZE;
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ int clone_user_memory (uint64_t cr3_src, uint64_t* cr3_dest) {
 			paddr_t dest_pd_phys = alloc_ppage ();
 			if (!dest_pd_phys) return -ENOMEM;
 			pd_entry_t* dest_pd = (pd_entry_t*)((uint64_t)dest_pd_phys + hhdm_offset);
-			memset (dest_pd, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+			kmemset (dest_pd, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
 
 			dest_pdpt[pdpt_idx] = *src_pdpt_entry;
 			dest_pdpt[pdpt_idx].pd_base_address = (uint64_t)dest_pd_phys / PAGE_SIZE;
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ int clone_user_memory (uint64_t cr3_src, uint64_t* cr3_dest) {
 				paddr_t dest_pt_phys = alloc_ppage ();
 				if (!dest_pt_phys) return -ENOMEM;
 				pt_entry_t* dest_pt = (pt_entry_t*)((uint64_t)dest_pt_phys + hhdm_offset);
-				memset (dest_pt, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+				kmemset (dest_pt, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
 
 				dest_pd[pd_idx] = *src_pd_entry;
 				dest_pd[pd_idx].pt_base_address = (uint64_t)dest_pt_phys / PAGE_SIZE;
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/process.c b/kernel/src/kernel/process.c
index 81d36a5..146fdfb 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/process.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/process.c
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ int process_fork (process* source_process, process** dest_ptr) {
 	process* new_process = kmalloc (sizeof (process));
 	if (!new_process) return -ENOMEM;
 
-	memcpy ((void*)new_process, (void*)source_process, sizeof (process));
+	kmemcpy ((void*)new_process, (void*)source_process, sizeof (process));
 
 	void* new_kstack = alloc_vpages (STACK_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE, false);
 	if (!new_kstack) return -ENOMEM;
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ int process_fork (process* source_process, process** dest_ptr) {
 	// privilege shift, messing up rbp and stuff
 	if (!source_process->p_user) {
 		// Kernel thread: flush parent state into child's new kernel stack byte-for-byte
-		memcpy (new_kstack, (void*)(source_process->p_kstack - STACK_SIZE), STACK_SIZE);
+		kmemcpy (new_kstack, (void*)(source_process->p_kstack - STACK_SIZE), STACK_SIZE);
 
 		uintptr_t parent_stack_base = source_process->p_kstack - STACK_SIZE;
 		uintptr_t child_stack_base = (uintptr_t)new_kstack;
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ int process_fork (process* source_process, process** dest_ptr) {
 		}
 	} else {
 		registers_t* child_frame = (registers_t*)(new_process->p_kstack - sizeof (registers_t));
-		memcpy (child_frame, source_process->p_registers_ptr, sizeof (registers_t));
+		kmemcpy (child_frame, source_process->p_registers_ptr, sizeof (registers_t));
 		new_process->p_registers_ptr = child_frame;
 		new_process->p_registers_ptr->rsp = source_process->p_registers_ptr->rsp;
 	}
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/syscall.c b/kernel/src/kernel/syscall.c
index 77d1adf..fbe14bb 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/syscall.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/syscall.c
@@ -48,5 +48,5 @@ void init_syscalls (void) {
 	latest_frame = nullptr;
 	idt_register_handler (0x80, syscall_handler);
 	idt_set_flags (0x80, 0x0E, 3, 0);
-	memset (syscall_handlers, 0, SYSCALL_COUNT * sizeof (syscall_handler_t));
+	kmemset (syscall_handlers, 0, SYSCALL_COUNT * sizeof (syscall_handler_t));
 }

From e210a46aac4a5064223acef290931fd8701d8bf1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ryuukumar <adityakumar4644@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 20:04:28 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] Add k prefix to stdio functions

---
 kernel/include/kclib/stdio.h |  2 +-
 kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c     |  8 ++++----
 kernel/src/kernel/entry.c    | 24 ++++++++++++------------
 kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c  |  4 ++--
 kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c   |  8 ++++----
 5 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/include/kclib/stdio.h b/kernel/include/kclib/stdio.h
index a2c9525..1794653 100644
--- a/kernel/include/kclib/stdio.h
+++ b/kernel/include/kclib/stdio.h
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-void printf (const char*, ...);
+void kprintf (const char*, ...);
 
 #endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c b/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c
index 7dc8989..63d1b4e 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Handle the different cases of %-- in printf
 @param	args	pointer to the arguments printf received
 @param	ul	whether the format prints an unsigned/long character
 */
-static void fmtprintf (const char* format, size_t* i, va_list* args, bool ul) {
+static void kfmtprintf (const char* format, size_t* i, va_list* args, bool ul) {
 	switch (format[*i]) {
 	case 's': {
 		const char* str = va_arg (*args, const char*);
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static void fmtprintf (const char* format, size_t* i, va_list* args, bool ul) {
 	case 'u':
 	case 'l': {
 		(*i)++;
-		fmtprintf (format, i, args, true);
+		kfmtprintf (format, i, args, true);
 	} break;
 	default: {
 		putchar ('%');
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Print a formatted string to the screen.
 
 @param	format formatted string to print
 */
-void printf (const char* format, ...) {
+void kprintf (const char* format, ...) {
 	va_list args;
 	va_start (args, format);
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ void printf (const char* format, ...) {
 		switch (format[i]) {
 		case '%': {
 			i++;
-			fmtprintf (format, &i, &args, false);
+			kfmtprintf (format, &i, &args, false);
 		} break;
 		case '\t':
 			size_t idx = get_idx ();
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/entry.c b/kernel/src/kernel/entry.c
index e38bca1..da6a139 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/entry.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/entry.c
@@ -80,25 +80,25 @@ static void print_info (void) {
 	drawBorder (20);
 	set_color (0x44eeaa);
 
-	printf ("COS 0.0%d", 7);
+	kprintf ("COS 0.0%d", 7);
 
 	set_color (0xddeecc);
 
-	printf ("\n\nHello, World!\n\n");
+	kprintf ("\n\nHello, World!\n\n");
 
 	set_color (0x88aaee);
-	printf ("System info:\n");
+	kprintf ("System info:\n");
 	if (bootinfo_req.response != nullptr) {
 		set_color (0x888888);
-		printf ("Bootloader: %s %s", bootinfo_req.response->name, bootinfo_req.response->version);
+		kprintf ("Bootloader: %s %s", bootinfo_req.response->name, bootinfo_req.response->version);
 	} else
-		printf ("\nDid not receive bootloader info from bootloader.\n");
+		kprintf ("\nDid not receive bootloader info from bootloader.\n");
 
 	if (boottime_req.response != nullptr) {
 		set_color (0x888888);
-		printf ("\nSystem booted at time %ld.\n", boottime_req.response->boot_time);
+		kprintf ("\nSystem booted at time %ld.\n", boottime_req.response->boot_time);
 	} else
-		printf ("\nDid not receive boot time from Limine.\n");
+		kprintf ("\nDid not receive boot time from Limine.\n");
 }
 
 __attribute__ ((noreturn)) void _start_stage2 (void) {
@@ -107,13 +107,13 @@ __attribute__ ((noreturn)) void _start_stage2 (void) {
 
 	print_info ();
 
-	printf ("\n[Stage 2] Running as PID %lld\n", get_current_process ()->p_id);
-	printf ("[Stage 2] Current system tick: %lld\n", get_current_tick ());
+	kprintf ("\n[Stage 2] Running as PID %lld\n", get_current_process ()->p_id);
+	kprintf ("[Stage 2] Current system tick: %lld\n", get_current_tick ());
 
-	printf ("[Stage 2] Extracting initramfs...\n");
+	kprintf ("[Stage 2] Extracting initramfs...\n");
 	load_cpio_from_memory (initramfs->address, "/");
 
-	printf ("[Stage 2] Trying to load the ELF.\n");
+	kprintf ("[Stage 2] Trying to load the ELF.\n");
 
 	uint64_t fork_result = do_syscall (SYSCALL_SYS_FORK, 0, 0, 0);
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ __attribute__ ((noreturn)) void _start_stage2 (void) {
 		uintptr_t entry_point;
 		int		  err = load_elf ("/bin/hello", current, &entry_point);
 		if (err != 0) {
-			printf ("Failed to load /bin/hello : %d\n", err);
+			kprintf ("Failed to load /bin/hello : %d\n", err);
 			for (;;)
 				;
 		}
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c
index 50a1545..4d114da 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ static int parse_entry_to_inode (cpio_newc_header_t* header, const char* out_pat
 	if (filetype == C_ISDIR) {
 		error = mkdir_if_required (filename, root_dir);
 		if (error) {
-			printf ("[CPIO] Could not create directory %s : %lld\n", filename, error);
+			kprintf ("[CPIO] Could not create directory %s : %lld\n", filename, error);
 			goto cleanup;
 		}
 	}
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ static int parse_entry_to_inode (cpio_newc_header_t* header, const char* out_pat
 			do_syscall (SYSCALL_SYS_WRITE, fd, (uint64_t)data, filesize);
 			do_syscall (SYSCALL_SYS_CLOSE, fd, 0, 0);
 		} else {
-			printf ("[CPIO] Could not write file %s : %lld\n", filename, fd);
+			kprintf ("[CPIO] Could not write file %s : %lld\n", filename, fd);
 			goto cleanup;
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c b/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c
index f7b4c5e..5c94055 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ static void init_physical_bitmap (struct limine_memmap_response* memmap_response
 	if (bitmap_phys_addr == nullptr) {
 		write_serial_str (
 			"Not enough contiguous memory for bitmap setup!! Please download some RAM.\n");
-		printf ("Not enough contiguous memory for bitmap setup!! Please download some RAM.\n");
+		kprintf ("Not enough contiguous memory for bitmap setup!! Please download some RAM.\n");
 		__asm__ ("hlt");
 	}
 
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ void walk_pagetable () {
 	for (int k = 0; k < 512; k++) {
 		pd_entry_t* pd_entry = &pd_base_ptr[k];
 		if (!pd_entry->present) continue;
-		printf ("PD %d: PT Base Address:   0x%lx\n", k, pd_entry->pt_base_address << 12);
+		kprintf ("PD %d: PT Base Address:   0x%lx\n", k, pd_entry->pt_base_address << 12);
 		pt_entry_t* pt_base_ptr = (pt_entry_t*)get_vaddr_from_frame (pd_entry->pt_base_address);
 
 		bool is_present_pt[512] = {false};
@@ -686,9 +686,9 @@ void walk_pagetable () {
 				if (range_start == -1) range_start = k;
 			} else if (range_start != -1) {
 				if (range_start == k - 1)
-					printf ("  Present PT: %d\n", range_start);
+					kprintf ("  Present PT: %d\n", range_start);
 				else
-					printf ("  Present PTs: %d-%d\n", range_start, k - 1);
+					kprintf ("  Present PTs: %d-%d\n", range_start, k - 1);
 				range_start = -1;
 			}
 		}

From 1d7344ce1faf8ef10e7ca777aaf6550efb8cc7ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ryuukumar <adityakumar4644@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 20:06:03 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] Add k prefix to all string.h functions

---
 kernel/include/kclib/string.h | 12 ++++++------
 kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c      | 20 ++++++++++----------
 kernel/src/kclib/string.c     | 20 ++++++++++----------
 kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c   |  8 ++++----
 kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c  | 16 ++++++++--------
 kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c    | 12 ++++++------
 kernel/src/kernel/idt.c       |  2 +-
 kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c    |  4 ++--
 8 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/include/kclib/string.h b/kernel/include/kclib/string.h
index a907b14..90e97dc 100644
--- a/kernel/include/kclib/string.h
+++ b/kernel/include/kclib/string.h
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-void   reverse (char* str);
-size_t strlen (const char*);
-void   itos (int32_t, char*, uint32_t);
-void   ulitos (uint64_t, char*, uint32_t);
-int	   strcmp (const char* a, const char* b);
-char*  strdup (const char* s);
+void   kreverse (char* str);
+size_t kstrlen (const char*);
+void   kitos (int32_t, char*, uint32_t);
+void   kulitos (uint64_t, char*, uint32_t);
+int	   kstrcmp (const char* a, const char* b);
+char*  kstrdup (const char* s);
 
 #endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c b/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c
index 63d1b4e..3318601 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kclib/stdio.c
@@ -14,29 +14,29 @@ static void kfmtprintf (const char* format, size_t* i, va_list* args, bool ul) {
 	switch (format[*i]) {
 	case 's': {
 		const char* str = va_arg (*args, const char*);
-		putstr (str, strlen (str));
+		putstr (str, kstrlen (str));
 	} break;
 	case 'd':
 	case 'i': {
 		if (ul) {
 			char buf[65] = {0};
-			ulitos (va_arg (*args, uint64_t), buf, 10);
-			putstr (buf, strlen (buf));
+			kulitos (va_arg (*args, uint64_t), buf, 10);
+			putstr (buf, kstrlen (buf));
 		} else {
 			char buf[33] = {0};
-			itos (va_arg (*args, int32_t), buf, 10);
-			putstr (buf, strlen (buf));
+			kitos (va_arg (*args, int32_t), buf, 10);
+			putstr (buf, kstrlen (buf));
 		}
 	} break;
 	case 'x': {
 		if (ul) {
 			char buf[65] = {0};
-			ulitos (va_arg (*args, uint64_t), buf, 16);
-			putstr (buf, strlen (buf));
+			kulitos (va_arg (*args, uint64_t), buf, 16);
+			putstr (buf, kstrlen (buf));
 		} else {
 			char buf[33] = {0};
-			itos (va_arg (*args, int32_t), buf, 16);
-			putstr (buf, strlen (buf));
+			kitos (va_arg (*args, int32_t), buf, 16);
+			putstr (buf, kstrlen (buf));
 		}
 	} break;
 	case 'u':
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void kprintf (const char* format, ...) {
 
 	bool buf = get_update_on_putch ();
 	set_update_on_putch (false);
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < strlen (format); i++) {
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < kstrlen (format); i++) {
 		switch (format[i]) {
 		case '%': {
 			i++;
diff --git a/kernel/src/kclib/string.c b/kernel/src/kclib/string.c
index 1220420..b5ca308 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kclib/string.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kclib/string.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Get the length of a standard string (terminating with 0).
 @param  str pointer to string
 @return string size
 */
-size_t strlen (const char* str) {
+size_t kstrlen (const char* str) {
 	size_t ret = 0;
 	while (str[ret] != 0)
 		ret++;
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ Reverse a standard string (terminating with 0).
 
 @param  str string to reverse
 */
-void reverse (char* str) {
-	int len = strlen (str), start = 0, end = len - 1;
+void kreverse (char* str) {
+	int len = kstrlen (str), start = 0, end = len - 1;
 	while (start < end) {
 		char temp = str[start];
 		str[start] = str[end];
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Convert integer to representative string with base b.
 @param  buf memory to save integer
 @param  b base
 */
-void itos (int32_t i, char* buf, uint32_t b) {
+void kitos (int32_t i, char* buf, uint32_t b) {
 	int	 ctr = 0;
 	bool negative = false;
 	if (i < 0) {
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void itos (int32_t i, char* buf, uint32_t b) {
 	if (ctr == 0) buf[0] = '0';
 	if (negative) buf[ctr++] = '-';
 	buf[ctr + 1] = 0;
-	reverse (buf);
+	kreverse (buf);
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Convert long integer to representative string with base b.
 @param  buf memory to save integer
 @param  b base
 */
-void ulitos (uint64_t i, char* buf, uint32_t b) {
+void kulitos (uint64_t i, char* buf, uint32_t b) {
 	int	 ctr = 0;
 	bool negative = false;
 	do {
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ void ulitos (uint64_t i, char* buf, uint32_t b) {
 	if (ctr == 0) buf[0] = '0';
 	if (negative) buf[ctr++] = '-';
 	buf[ctr++] = 0;
-	reverse (buf);
+	kreverse (buf);
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ void ulitos (uint64_t i, char* buf, uint32_t b) {
  * @param b second string
  * @return whether strings are equal
  */
-int strcmp (const char* a, const char* b) {
+int kstrcmp (const char* a, const char* b) {
 	for (int i = 0; a[i] != 0 && b[i] != 0; i++)
 		if (a[i] != b[i]) return 1;
 	return 0;
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ int strcmp (const char* a, const char* b) {
  * Duplicate a string using the kernel allocator.
  * Returns a newly allocated copy or nullptr on failure.
  */
-char* strdup (const char* s) {
+char* kstrdup (const char* s) {
 	if (!s) return nullptr;
-	size_t len = strlen (s);
+	size_t len = kstrlen (s);
 	char*  dup = (char*)kmalloc (len + 1);
 	if (!dup) return nullptr;
 	for (size_t i = 0; i <= len; i++)
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c
index 4d114da..01fd260 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/cpio.c
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ static int mkdir_if_required (const char* dir, inode* root) {
 	if (!dir) return -EINVARG;
 	if (dir[0] != '/') return -ENEEDABS;
 
-	char* path = strdup (dir);
+	char* path = kstrdup (dir);
 	if (!path) return -ENOMEM;
 
-	size_t len = strlen (path);
+	size_t len = kstrlen (path);
 	while (len > 1 && path[len - 1] == '/') {
 		path[len - 1] = '\0';
 		len--;
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ static int mkdir_if_required (const char* dir, inode* root) {
 		child_name = nullptr;
 	}
 
-	if (error == 0 && child_name && strlen (child_name) > 0) {
+	if (error == 0 && child_name && kstrlen (child_name) > 0) {
 		inode* result = nullptr;
 		error = do_mkdir (child_name, &result, parent_dir);
 		if (error == -EPEXISTS) error = 0;
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ static int parse_entry_to_inode (cpio_newc_header_t* header, const char* out_pat
 	filename[namesize] = 0; // enforce string in case corrupt
 	filename[0] = '/';		// many syscalls require absolute paths, which cpio does not guarantee
 
-	if (strcmp (filename, "/TRAILER!!!") == 0 || strcmp (filename, "/.") == 0) goto cleanup;
+	if (kstrcmp (filename, "/TRAILER!!!") == 0 || kstrcmp (filename, "/.") == 0) goto cleanup;
 
 	if (filetype == C_ISDIR) {
 		error = mkdir_if_required (filename, root_dir);
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c
index 35abc6b..4a969a8 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/ramfs.c
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ int mkdir (char* dirname, inode** result, inode* root) {
 	((dir_content_t*)new_dir->i_pvt)->d_children = (child_t*)kmalloc (2 * sizeof (child_t));
 	child_t* dir_children = (child_t*)((dir_content_t*)new_dir->i_pvt)->d_children;
 
-	dir_children[0].c_name = strdup (".");
+	dir_children[0].c_name = kstrdup (".");
 	dir_children[0].c_inode = new_dir;
-	dir_children[1].c_name = strdup ("..");
+	dir_children[1].c_name = kstrdup ("..");
 	dir_children[1].c_inode = root;
 
 	// construct parent replacement structures
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ int mkdir (char* dirname, inode** result, inode* root) {
 
 	kmemcpy (new_parent_children, parent_pvt->d_children, parent_pvt->d_count * sizeof (child_t));
 	new_parent_children[parent_pvt->d_count].c_inode = new_dir;
-	new_parent_children[parent_pvt->d_count].c_name = strdup (dirname);
+	new_parent_children[parent_pvt->d_count].c_name = kstrdup (dirname);
 
 	// replace parent structure and free old one
 	kfree (parent_pvt->d_children);
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ int create (char* filename, inode** result, inode* root) {
 
 	kmemcpy (new_parent_children, parent_pvt->d_children, parent_pvt->d_count * sizeof (child_t));
 	new_parent_children[parent_pvt->d_count].c_inode = new_file;
-	new_parent_children[parent_pvt->d_count].c_name = strdup (filename);
+	new_parent_children[parent_pvt->d_count].c_name = kstrdup (filename);
 
 	// replace parent structure and free old one
 	kfree (parent_pvt->d_children);
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ int lookup (char* filename, inode** result, inode* root) {
 	if (root->i_type != DIRECTORY) return -EINVPATH;
 
 	// case '.'
-	if (strcmp (filename, ".") == 0) {
+	if (kstrcmp (filename, ".") == 0) {
 		*result = root;
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ int lookup (char* filename, inode** result, inode* root) {
 		// invalid child ; continue searching
 		if (!d_child->c_inode || !d_child->c_name) continue;
 
-		if (strcmp (d_child->c_name, filename) == 0) {
+		if (kstrcmp (d_child->c_name, filename) == 0) {
 			// case '*'
 			*result = d_child->c_inode;
 			return 0;
@@ -178,9 +178,9 @@ inode* init_ramfs_root (void) {
 	((dir_content_t*)root_inode->i_pvt)->d_children = (child_t*)kmalloc (2 * sizeof (child_t));
 	child_t* root_children = (child_t*)((dir_content_t*)root_inode->i_pvt)->d_children;
 
-	root_children[0].c_name = strdup (".");
+	root_children[0].c_name = kstrdup (".");
 	root_children[0].c_inode = root_inode;
-	root_children[1].c_name = strdup ("..");
+	root_children[1].c_name = kstrdup ("..");
 	root_children[1].c_inode = root_inode;
 
 	return root_inode;
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c
index 03b698b..8859033 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/fs/vfs.c
@@ -27,18 +27,18 @@ static bool filename_has_invalid_chars (char* filename) {
 int vfs_resolve_parent (const char* path_arg, inode* root, inode** r_parent, char** r_name) {
 	if (!path_arg || path_arg[0] != '/') return -ENEEDABS;
 
-	char* path = strdup (path_arg);
+	char* path = kstrdup (path_arg);
 	if (!path) return -ENOMEM;
 
 	char* last_slash = nullptr;
-	for (int i = strlen (path) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+	for (int i = kstrlen (path) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
 		if (path[i] == '/') {
 			last_slash = &path[i];
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 
-	*r_name = strdup (last_slash + 1);
+	*r_name = kstrdup (last_slash + 1);
 
 	if (last_slash == path) {
 		*r_parent = root;
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ int do_mkdir (char* dirname, inode** result, inode* parent) {
 	if (filename_has_invalid_chars (dirname)) return -EINVARG;
 
 	// case dirname is '.' or '..'
-	if (strcmp (dirname, ".") == 0 || strcmp (dirname, "..") == 0) return -EINVARG;
+	if (kstrcmp (dirname, ".") == 0 || kstrcmp (dirname, "..") == 0) return -EINVARG;
 
 	// case dirname already exists
 	inode* lookup_result = nullptr;
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ int do_create (char* filename, inode** result, inode* parent) {
 	if (filename_has_invalid_chars (filename)) return -EINVARG;
 
 	// case filename is '.' or '..'
-	if (strcmp (filename, ".") == 0 || strcmp (filename, "..") == 0) return -EINVARG;
+	if (kstrcmp (filename, ".") == 0 || kstrcmp (filename, "..") == 0) return -EINVARG;
 
 	// case filename already exists
 	inode* lookup_result = nullptr;
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ int do_lookup (char* filename, inode** result, inode* root) {
 	kmemcpy ((void*)target_name, (void*)(filename + 1), (size_t)(next_slash - filename) - 1);
 	target_name[(size_t)(next_slash - filename) - 1] = 0;
 
-	if (strcmp (target_name, ".") == 0) {
+	if (kstrcmp (target_name, ".") == 0) {
 		kfree (target_name);
 
 		// case '/.'
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/idt.c b/kernel/src/kernel/idt.c
index 1dabd3e..d59851a 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/idt.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/idt.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ static inline void log_reg (const char* name, uint64_t value) {
 	char buf[32];
 	write_serial_str (name);
 	write_serial_str (": 0x");
-	ulitos (value, buf, 16);
+	kulitos (value, buf, 16);
 	write_serial_str (buf);
 	write_serial_str ("\n");
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c b/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c
index 5c94055..fe1001e 100644
--- a/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c
+++ b/kernel/src/kernel/memmgt.c
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ static void free_ppages (void* paddr, uint64_t count) {
 
 		if (!is_valid) {
 			char buffer[16];
-			ulitos ((uint64_t)paddr, buffer, 16);
+			kulitos ((uint64_t)paddr, buffer, 16);
 			write_serial_str ("Tried to free reserved memory! Address: 0x");
 			write_serial_str (buffer);
 			write_serial_str ("\nHalting.\n");
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ registers_t* page_fault_handler (registers_t* registers) {
 	__asm__ volatile ("mov %%cr2, %0" : "=r"(cr2));
 
 	char buffer[16];
-	ulitos (cr2, buffer, 16);
+	kulitos (cr2, buffer, 16);
 
 	write_serial_str ("\nEncountered a page fault!\n");
 	write_serial_str ("Faulting address: 0x");