Allow @. syntax for vectorized evaluation with single constitutive model

[miguelmaso]

By default, the @. macro interprets non-simplex types as iterables. It means that it'll try to iterate a single constitutive model.

The proposed implementation allow to evaluate vectorized functions where a constitutive model is passed.

Examples of usage

v = 0.05
θ_vals_cv  = 1:50:2.06θr
λ_vals_cv  = 1:0.5:8.0
cv_vals_cv = @. evaluate_cv(model, θ_vals_cv, λ_vals_cv', v)
p = plot(title="Specific heat under isochoric stretch, v=$v/s", xlabel="Stretch [-]", ylabel="θ/θR [-]", rightmargin=8mm, framestyle=:grid)
contourf!(λ_vals_cv, θ_vals_cv./θr, cv_vals_cv, color=diverging_rb, clims=(-cv_lim, cv_lim), lw=0, lc=:transparent)

I've simplified the code a little, it should produce a map like this:

Errors fixed

When the broadcastable dispatch is missing, the @. macro may throw an error like this:

broadcastable: Error During Test at c:\Users\Miguel\source\repos\HyperFEM\test\TestConstitutiveModels\PhysicalModelTests.jl:976
  Got exception outside of a @test
  MethodError: no method matching length(::LinearElasticity3D)
  The function `length` exists, but no method is defined for this combination of argument types.

  Closest candidates are:
    length(::DataStructures.SparseIntSet)
     @ DataStructures C:\Users\Miguel\.julia\packages\DataStructures\qUuAY\src\sparse_int_set.jl:61
    length(::DataStructures.DiBitVector)
     @ DataStructures C:\Users\Miguel\.julia\packages\DataStructures\qUuAY\src\dibit_vector.jl:40
    length(::Profile.HeapSnapshot.Edges)
     @ Profile C:\Users\Miguel\.julia\juliaup\julia-1.12.4+0.x64.w64.mingw32\share\julia\stdlib\v1.12\Profile\src\heapsnapshot_reassemble.jl:24
    ...

  Stacktrace:
    [1] _similar_shape(itr::LinearElasticity3D, ::Base.HasLength)
      @ Base .\array.jl:657
    [2] _collect(cont::UnitRange{Int64}, itr::LinearElasticity3D, ::Base.HasEltype, isz::Base.HasLength)
      @ Base .\array.jl:734
    [3] collect(itr::LinearElasticity3D)
      @ Base .\array.jl:728
    [4] broadcastable(x::LinearElasticity3D)
      @ Base.Broadcast .\broadcast.jl:733

[github-actions]

Benchmark Results (Julia v1)

Time benchmarks

	main	e4f95cf...	main / e4f95cf...
Constitutive models/Visco-elastic Ψ	0.054 ± 0.039 ms	0.055 ± 0.039 ms	0.982 ± 0.99
Constitutive models/Visco-elastic ∂Ψu	0.0596 ± 0.0039 ms	0.0606 ± 0.0029 ms	0.984 ± 0.08
Constitutive models/Visco-elastic ∂Ψuu	0.11 ± 0.016 ms	0.11 ± 0.015 ms	0.999 ± 0.2
Simulations/StaticMechanicalDirichlet	0.138 ± 0.0098 s	0.139 ± 0.01 s	0.996 ± 0.1
Simulations/StaticMechanicalNeumann	0.129 ± 0.019 s	0.132 ± 0.019 s	0.977 ± 0.2
Simulations/ViscoElastic	20 s	20.3 s	0.983
Tensor algebra/Cofactor	0.07 ± 0 μs	0.07 ± 0 μs	1 ± 0
Tensor algebra/Det(A)Inv(A')	0.13 ± 0.019 μs	0.13 ± 0.02 μs	1 ± 0.21
Tensor algebra/δδ_λ_2d	30 ± 0 ns	30 ± 0 ns	1 ± 0
Tensor algebra/δδ_μ_2d	30 ± 0 ns	30 ± 0 ns	1 ± 0
time_to_load	2.94 ± 0.048 s	2.83 ± 0.048 s	1.04 ± 0.024

Memory benchmarks

	main	e4f95cf...	main / e4f95cf...
Constitutive models/Visco-elastic Ψ	1.24 k allocs: 0.0777 MB	1.24 k allocs: 0.0777 MB	1
Constitutive models/Visco-elastic ∂Ψu	1.29 k allocs: 0.0826 MB	1.29 k allocs: 0.0826 MB	1
Constitutive models/Visco-elastic ∂Ψuu	2.25 k allocs: 0.149 MB	2.25 k allocs: 0.149 MB	1
Simulations/StaticMechanicalDirichlet	1.51 M allocs: 0.108 GB	1.51 M allocs: 0.108 GB	1
Simulations/StaticMechanicalNeumann	1.48 M allocs: 0.093 GB	1.48 M allocs: 0.093 GB	1
Simulations/ViscoElastic	0.326 G allocs: 20.5 GB	0.326 G allocs: 20.5 GB	1
Tensor algebra/Cofactor	1 allocs: 0.0781 kB	1 allocs: 0.0781 kB	1
Tensor algebra/Det(A)Inv(A')	4 allocs: 0.25 kB	4 allocs: 0.25 kB	1
Tensor algebra/δδ_λ_2d	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Tensor algebra/δδ_μ_2d	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
time_to_load	0.149 k allocs: 11.1 kB	0.149 k allocs: 11.1 kB	1