GlobalDeclareCheck: new check for declare -A without -g in global scope

NEWS.rst

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ pkgcheck 0.10.40 (unreleased)
 - StabilizationGroupsCheck: check for invalid and non-existant stabilization
   groups  (Arthur Zamarin)
 
+- GlobalDeclareCheck: detect ``declare -A`` without ``-g`` in global scope
+  (Sv. Lockal, #628)
+
 
 **Packaging:**
 

src/pkgcheck/checks/codingstyle.py

@@ -1667,3 +1667,51 @@ def feed(self, pkg: bash.ParseTree):
                 if new_index < index:
                     yield VariableOrderWrong(first_var, self.variable_order[index], pkg=pkg)
                 index = new_index
+
+
+class GlobalDeclareWithoutG(results.LineResult, results.Warning):
+    """Call to ``declare -A`` without ``-g`` in global scope.
+
+    Associative arrays created with ``declare -A`` in global scope
+    are implicitly local when the ebuild is sourced inside a function
+    (as non-portage package managers may do).
+    Use ``declare -gA`` to ensure the variable is always in global scope.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def desc(self):
+        return f"line {self.lineno}: call to 'declare -A' without '-g' in global scope: {self.line}"
+
+
+class GlobalDeclareCheck(Check):
+    """Scan ebuilds for ``declare -A`` calls without ``-g`` in global scope."""
+
+    _source = sources.EbuildParseRepoSource
+    known_results = frozenset({GlobalDeclareWithoutG})
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.decl_query = bash.query("(declaration_command) @decl")
+
+    def feed(self, pkg: bash.ParseTree):
+        for node in pkg.global_query(self.decl_query):
+            name_node = node.children[0]
+            if pkg.node_str(name_node) != "declare":
+                continue
+            has_A = False
+            has_g = False
+            for child in node.children:
+                if child.type == "word":
+                    flag = pkg.node_str(child)
+                    if flag.startswith("-"):
+                        if "A" in flag:
+                            has_A = True
+                        if "g" in flag:
+                            has_g = True
+            if has_A and not has_g:
+                lineno, _ = node.start_point
+                yield GlobalDeclareWithoutG(
+                    line=pkg.node_str(node).split("\n", maxsplit=1)[0].strip(),
+                    lineno=lineno + 1,
+                    pkg=pkg,
+                )

testdata/data/repos/standalone/GlobalDeclareCheck/GlobalDeclareWithoutG/expected.json

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"__class__": "GlobalDeclareWithoutG", "category": "GlobalDeclareCheck", "package": "GlobalDeclareWithoutG", "version": "0", "line": "declare -A ASSOC_ARRAY=(", "lineno": 11}
+{"__class__": "GlobalDeclareWithoutG", "category": "GlobalDeclareCheck", "package": "GlobalDeclareWithoutG", "version": "0", "line": "declare -rA READONLY_ASSOC=(", "lineno": 16}

testdata/data/repos/standalone/GlobalDeclareCheck/GlobalDeclareWithoutG/fix.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+diff -Naur standalone/GlobalDeclareCheck/GlobalDeclareWithoutG/GlobalDeclareWithoutG-0.ebuild fixed/GlobalDeclareCheck/GlobalDeclareWithoutG/GlobalDeclareWithoutG-0.ebuild
+--- standalone/GlobalDeclareCheck/GlobalDeclareWithoutG/GlobalDeclareWithoutG-0.ebuild
++++ fixed/GlobalDeclareCheck/GlobalDeclareWithoutG/GlobalDeclareWithoutG-0.ebuild
+@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
+ LICENSE="BSD"
+ SLOT="0"
+
+-declare -A ASSOC_ARRAY=(
++declare -gA ASSOC_ARRAY=(
+ 	[a]=b
+ 	[c]=d
+ )
+
+-declare -rA READONLY_ASSOC=(
++declare -grA READONLY_ASSOC=(
+ 	[e]=f
+ )

testdata/repos/standalone/GlobalDeclareCheck/GlobalDeclareWithoutG/GlobalDeclareWithoutG-0.ebuild

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Copyright 2026 Gentoo Authors
+# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
+
+EAPI=8
+
+DESCRIPTION="Ebuild with declare without -g in global scope"
+HOMEPAGE="https://github.com/pkgcore/pkgcheck"
+LICENSE="BSD"
+SLOT="0"
+
+declare -A ASSOC_ARRAY=(
+	[a]=b
+	[c]=d
+)
+
+declare -rA READONLY_ASSOC=(
+	[e]=f
+)
+
+declare -gA GOOD_ASSOC=(
+	[g]=h
+)
+
+declare -g -A ALSO_GOOD=(
+	[i]=j
+)
+
+declare -Ag YET_ANOTHER_GOOD=(
+	[k]=l
+)
+
+declare -rAg GOOD_READONLY=(
+	[m]=n
+)
+
+declare -r READONLY_VAR="foo"
+
+src_prepare() {
+	declare -A LOCAL_VAR=(
+		[o]=p
+	)
+}

testdata/repos/standalone/profiles/categories

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ EclassManualDepsCheck
 EclassUsageCheck
 EendMissingArgCheck
 EqualVersionsCheck
+GlobalDeclareCheck
 GlobalUseCheck
 GlobCheck
 HomepageCheck